# GLP-1 agonists

GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g. liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide) mimic the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1, stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing appetite. Approved indications include type 2 diabetes and obesity; large trials demonstrate reduced cardiovascular events, now-approved kidney-disease risk reduction in type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease (semaglutide, FDA January 2025, FLOW trial), and investigational heart-failure symptom improvements in HFpEF. Longevity-relevant effects include weight loss, improved glycemia, and possible neuroinflammatory dampening. Off-label use purely for healthspan extension in metabolically healthy adults remains investigational. On 21 February 2025 the FDA declared the US semaglutide shortage resolved, ending the 503A/503B compounding window for semaglutide; tirzepatide compounding was similarly restricted after a 2024 preliminary-injunction denial, and the FDA proposed a permanent 503B bulks exclusion for semaglutide, tirzepatide, and liraglutide on 30 April 2026.

## Sources

- Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM et al.. (2023). Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes (SELECT trial). New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2307563

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_Canonical: https://longevity-germany.com/en/glossary/glp1-agonists · Part of Longevity Cities · Updated 2026-05-17_