# HIIT (High-intensity interval training)

HIIT alternates short bouts of near-maximal effort with periods of low-intensity recovery, typically over 10–30 minutes total. The high-intensity intervals stress cardiac output and mitochondrial function, driving rapid gains in VO2max, insulin sensitivity, and stroke volume. Compared with steady-state cardio, HIIT delivers similar or greater cardiorespiratory adaptations in less time, making it a time-efficient longevity intervention when balanced with lower-intensity aerobic work.

## Sources

- Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA. (2012). Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health and disease. Journal of Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.224725

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