# Mitochondrial dysfunction

Mitochondrial dysfunction refers to a decline in mitochondrial efficiency, including reduced ATP output, impaired electron transport chain activity, increased reactive oxygen species, and altered mitochondrial dynamics. It is recognized as a hallmark of aging and is implicated in sarcopenia, type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease. Interventions under study include exercise, NAD+ precursors, urolithin A, and senolytics, while extreme antioxidant supplementation has not shown longevity benefit.

## Sources

- López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. (2023). Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe. Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.001
- Bratic A, Larsson NG. (2013). The role of mitochondria in aging. Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI64125

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_Canonical: https://longevity-germany.com/en/glossary/mitochondrial-dysfunction · Part of Longevity Cities · Updated 2026-01-15_