# SGLT2 inhibitors

SGLT2 inhibitors (gliflozins, e.g. empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) block renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, causing urinary glucose excretion. They are approved for type 2 diabetes, heart failure (preserved and reduced ejection fraction), and chronic kidney disease, with robust cardiovascular and renal mortality benefits. Proposed mechanisms include a hypothesized ketone-mediated cardiac fuel shift, mild caloric loss, and reduced glomerular hyperfiltration, though the dominant pathway remains debated. Canagliflozin extended lifespan in male mice. Off-label longevity use in non-indicated adults remains investigational.

## Sources

- Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM et al.. (2015). Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes (EMPA-REG OUTCOME). New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1504720

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_Canonical: https://longevity-germany.com/en/glossary/sglt2-inhibitors · Part of Longevity Cities · Updated 2026-01-15_