Exercise and cardiovascular
7 papers in the library, strongest Moderate.
Graded Moderate · A large observational study of 64,743 adults wearing wrist devices; it shows links but cannot prove that walking pace itself protects.
Papers 7
- Fewer Steps but a Brisker Pace Linked to Lower Death RiskModeraten = 64,7432026British journal of sports medicineIn a large British study, people who walked little but walked briskly died less often. This held even for people taking fewer than 5,000 steps a day. If their fastest 30 minutes averaged 80 steps per minute, their risk of dying was 28 percent lower. Those minutes did not have to come in one stretch. The comparison group walked just as little, but very slowly. The researchers used data from UK Biobank, a large British health study. In it, 64,743 adults wore a wrist device that recorded their steps and pace. The team then tracked who died. The lowest risk appeared at 7,500 to 10,000 steps a day with a pace of about 100 steps per minute: 43 percent lower. Age and other factors were taken into account. Deaths from heart and blood vessel disease followed a similar pattern. The authors conclude that different mixes of step count and pace might help prevent early deaths. Still, the study only observed who lived longer. It cannot tell whether walking faster itself lowers the risk.
- Village Doctor Exercise Program Cuts Falls Among Rural EldersModeraten = 1282026Age and ageingOlder people with high blood pressure or heart disease are prone to falls. In rural China, a simple program run by local village doctors helped. After one year, 31.6 percent of people in the program reported at least one fall. In villages with usual care, the figure was 42.7 percent. Researchers enrolled 128 villages and chose at random which ones received the program. Participants were 60 or older and reported that a doctor had diagnosed them with high blood pressure or heart disease. For twelve months they practiced balance and everyday movements and received health education. People in the program had 0.9 falls per person per year, compared with 1.6 in usual care. Injuries from falls also became less common. Participants also rose from a chair faster, balanced better and rated their quality of life higher. On a test of standing up, walking a short distance and returning, no clear difference showed up. The benefit was larger in men. These results come from an extra analysis of a bigger trial, and everyone knew which group they were in.
- Ten Hours of Sitting, Few Breaks: Higher Risk of Early DeathModeraten = 89,0102026Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciencesPeople who sat for ten hours or more a day and rarely got up had a roughly 50 percent higher risk of dying in a large British study. The comparison group sat for less time and broke up their sitting at least twelve times a day. Frequent breaks softened the downside of long sitting. Researchers used data from 89,010 UK Biobank volunteers with a median age of 63.5. Each wore a motion sensor on the wrist for three to seven days. The team then followed them for a median of eight years. Those who sat a lot with few breaks had a 55 percent higher risk of dying from heart and circulatory disease. At age 50, men in this group could expect almost three fewer years free of such disease, women just over three. A statistical model estimated that swapping 30 minutes of sitting for brisk activity would lower this group's risk of death by 17 percent. That is a calculation, not a tested trial. The wrist sensor also cannot reliably tell sitting from standing still. Most volunteers were white, fairly healthy and better off socially. The authors themselves say the study cannot prove cause and effect.
- Four Chronic Conditions at Once Linked to Tripled Death RiskModeraten = 39,9402026MedicinePeople living with several chronic diseases at once died much more often in a large US health survey. With two of the four conditions studied, the risk of death was almost double that of people without them. With all four, it was more than three times as high. Physically active people, by contrast, had a lower risk. Researchers analysed data from 39,940 adults, collected over about 20 years. They looked at four common conditions, including diabetes, heart and blood vessel disease, and lung disease. The share of people with at least two of them grew over the years. Moderately active people had a 22 percent lower risk of death than the least active. For vigorous activity, the risk was 28 percent lower. According to the authors' model, people with several diseases had a life expectancy 5.64 years shorter. In active people, this gap was up to 2.31 years smaller. These figures come from statistical models and were not clear in every group. The study only observed people, so it cannot show that activity itself wins back years. Most diseases were also self-reported.
- In-Sync Daily Rhythms on the Wrist Linked to Lower Death RiskModeraten = 90,0002026Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)The body runs on an inner clock set by day and night. When that clock is thrown off, it contributes to illness of the metabolism, the heart and the mind. A device worn on the wrist now offers new clues. People whose movement and device temperature were tightly linked across the day later developed type 2 diabetes, heart and circulation disease, depression and breathing pauses during sleep less often. About 90,000 people in the UK Biobank, typically 63 years old, wore such a device for a week. Normally, movement and temperature run in opposite directions, about twelve hours apart. The researchers measured how tight this link was and followed people for 7 to 11 years. For each step of tighter coupling, the risk of dying was 7 percent lower. When the timing drifted from the usual pattern, diabetes risk was higher. Whether a steadier daily rhythm itself protects cannot be read from this. Many factors were accounted for, but other differences may still play a role. The device also only roughly tracks wrist skin, not core body temperature. Most participants were White and middle-aged or older.
- Lifting 90 Minutes a Week Linked to a Lower Risk of DeathModeraten = 147,3742026British journal of sports medicinePeople who did one and a half to just under two hours of strength training a week died less often over the years. Their risk of death was 13 percent lower than in people who did no strength training at all. This held even after accounting for running, cycling and other endurance exercise. They also died less often from heart and blood vessel disease. Going beyond two hours a week showed no extra benefit. Researchers pooled three large long-term studies from the US. Together they followed 147,374 health workers for up to 30 years, most of them women. Every few years, participants reported how much time they spent with weights or on weight machines. The lowest risk of death was seen in people who combined a lot of endurance exercise with strength training. Their risk was 45 percent lower than in people with little endurance exercise and no strength training. These results come from watching people, not from an experiment. They cannot show that strength training itself lengthens life. Participants estimated their own training time, and how hard they trained was not recorded. Most were white and middle-aged or older.
- Steady Daily Rhythm Plus Exercise Tied to 65% Lower Death RiskModeraten = 6,6212026The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciencesSome people are clearly active by day and settle down at night. Their daily rhythm of activity and rest is strong. In a US study, people with such a rhythm who also moved enough were much less likely to die. Compared with people who had a weak rhythm and too little activity, their risk of dying was 65 percent lower. Their risk of dying from heart and blood vessel disease was 75 percent lower. The data came from 6,621 adults in a large US health survey from 2011 to 2014. Each wore an activity tracker on the wrist. From it, the researchers worked out how pronounced the switch between activity and rest was. After a median of almost seven years, 518 participants had died, 165 of them from heart and blood vessel disease. The authors conclude that enough exercise could soften the higher risk linked to a disrupted rhythm. A preliminary extra analysis found that faster biological aging, calculated from blood values, accounted for a small part of the link. The authors say this idea still needs testing. The study observed people and cannot show that a steadier rhythm itself makes anyone live longer.
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