Mitochondrial biogenesis

Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which cells increase mitochondrial mass and capacity by coordinating the expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. The transcriptional coactivator PGC-1-alpha is a key nodal regulator, regulated by AMPK and SIRT1 among other signals. Endurance exercise, caloric restriction, and cold exposure are well-established physiological stimuli, and robust biogenesis is associated with muscular endurance, metabolic flexibility, and healthy aging.